How Games Work

Blackjack and Card Math

Card game rules, payouts and what strategy can and cannot do.

Ante Bets and Casino Poker Variants

How house-banked poker-style games work: ante bets, dealer qualification and pay tables, and why these forced bets and payout schedules give the casino its edge.

5 min read

Insurance and Side Bets in Blackjack

How blackjack insurance and similar add-on side bets are priced, with hypothetical arithmetic, and why they generally carry a higher casino edge than the main game.

5 min read

Shuffling Machines and the Number of Decks

How the number of decks and the shuffling method change blackjack, why they shift the casino's edge slightly, and why fewer decks are not always better for the player.

5 min read

Video Poker Math: Pay Tables and Return

How a video poker pay table sets a machine's return, why machines that look alike can differ by several percentage points, and why strong play still carries a house edge.

5 min read

Why the Dealer Acting Last Matters

How the order of play in blackjack, with the player acting first and the dealer last, creates the house's built-in edge, and how other rules partly offset it.

4 min read

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